Septo Optic Dysplasia: Difference between revisions

From Guide to YKHC Medical Practices

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*abnormal midline brain structure formation (corpus callosum) = intellectual disability, other neurologic problems including seizures
*abnormal midline brain structure formation (corpus callosum) = intellectual disability, other neurologic problems including seizures
*Pituitary anomalies (hypoplasia, ectopia, etc.) = growth hormone deficiency (most common), pan-hypopituitarism (also possible, at risk for adrenal crisis, hypothyroidism, micropenis)
*Pituitary anomalies (hypoplasia, ectopia, etc.) = growth hormone deficiency (most common), pan-hypopituitarism (also possible, at risk for adrenal crisis, hypothyroidism, micropenis)
*Occasionally can have seizures, developmental delay, abnormal movements
*Occasionally can have seizures, [[Specific Types of Appointments and Procedural Processes#Developmental Delay|developmental delay]], abnormal movements
'''Diagnosis:'''
'''Diagnosis:'''
*Brain and pituitary MRI - thinning of optic nerves & chiasm, absence of septum pellucidum, Agenesis of the corpus callosum, Pituitary hypoplasia or posterior pituitary ectopia
*Brain and pituitary MRI - thinning of optic nerves & chiasm, absence of septum pellucidum, Agenesis of the corpus callosum, Pituitary hypoplasia or posterior pituitary ectopia

Revision as of 05:48, 18 November 2020

(Adapted from Pocket Guide to Alaska Native Pediatric Diagnoses)
Pathophysiology: Disorder of early brain development resulting in wide variation of findings including hypopplasia of optic nerve, agenesis of corpus callosum and septum pellucidum, and/or pituitary hypoplasia.
Inheritance: Usually sporadic; occasionally autosomal recessive
Demographics:

  • 1:10,000 live births
  • unknown, but anecdotally higher incidence for Alaska Native populations

Signs/Symptoms:

  • Hypoplasia of optic nerve = impaired vision (one or both eyes), nystagmus
  • abnormal midline brain structure formation (corpus callosum) = intellectual disability, other neurologic problems including seizures
  • Pituitary anomalies (hypoplasia, ectopia, etc.) = growth hormone deficiency (most common), pan-hypopituitarism (also possible, at risk for adrenal crisis, hypothyroidism, micropenis)
  • Occasionally can have seizures, developmental delay, abnormal movements

Diagnosis:

  • Brain and pituitary MRI - thinning of optic nerves & chiasm, absence of septum pellucidum, Agenesis of the corpus callosum, Pituitary hypoplasia or posterior pituitary ectopia
  • Ophthalmology exam
  • Endocrinology evaluation
  • can be suspected initially based on prenatal ultrasound

Management:

  • varies depending on individual
  • consult YKHC Peds on call and assign CPP status
  • refer to Pediatric Endocrinology for regular endocrine evaluations
  • refer to Ophthalmology
  • refer to Family Infant Toddler (FIT)
  • refer to Pediatric Neurology in setting of seizures and neurologic deficits

Critical Times for Affected Patients:

  • vary depending on individual
  • If hypopituitarism, times of stress (fasting, illness, surgery, trauma) are high risk as well as newborn period due to: ACTH/Cortisol deficiency => adrenal crisis in the first week of life (similar to CAH; does not show up on newborn screen); Thyroid deficiency (can show up on newborn screens as low T4); GH deficiency and ACTH deficiency => hypoglycemia

Resources/References

Common/Unique Medical Diagnoses